Global Journal of Public Health Medicine

THE SILENT STRUGGLE: DEPRESSION AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG ADULTS IN THE WAKE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN DELHI

Deepak Dhamnetiya, Deepshikha Verma, Ravi Prakash Jha — Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: The beginning of 2020 flooded with news of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the world. Many countries have shown higher rates of depression, anxiety, hazardous and harmful alcohol use, and lower mental well-being than usual ratio. Hence, this study was planned to assess the prevalence of depression and its determinants among adults living in Delhi during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during May and June 2020 on adults more than 18 years of age living in Delhi. A total of 267 respondent’s data were collected and analyzed. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ) scale was used to assess depression. Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to check the association of depression with socio-demographic, behavioral, and COVID-19-related factors. Results: Out of 267 subjects around 61% were males, 61.8% were above 30 years of age and around 88% were living in urban areas. The prevalence of depression among the general population was found to be significantly high at 79.8%. Depression score was significantly higher among females (p=0.024), in the younger age (<30 years) (p <0.001), in the unmarried group (p<0.001), and among non-smokers (p=0.006). Respondents who had undergone COVID-19 testing (p =0.018), been quarantined (p =0.009), come into contact with COVID-19-positive patients (p =0.030) and who were scared of working during the pandemic (p<0.001) reported high levels of depression. Conclusion: The study showed high depression among the adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Improving mental health screening, counselling sessions, and rehabilitation could be pivotal in addressing this challenging period.

PREVALENCE OF ANXIETY SYMPTOMS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULTS IN NORTHWEST SYRIA

Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: In Northwest Syria, an area plagued by persistent conflict and instability, our understanding of the prevalence of anxiety remains limited. The aim of this study is to assess the occurrence of anxiety symptoms among adults living in Northwest Syria.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with a cross-sectional approach, this research delves into the adult population residing in designated sub-districts of Northwest Syria, with a special emphasis on the Idlib district, covering both Idlib city and Atmeh camps. Targeting individuals aged 18 years and older, the study employed a straightforward random sampling method to recruit participants from these localities.
Results: A total of 890 adults participated to the study. Nearly half of the participants (49%) identified as male, while over half (58%) were below 40 years old, and the majority (79%) were married. The findings revealed that 75% of participants exhibited symptoms of anxiety. Moreover, prolonged mobile phone usage, exceeding 4 hours daily, exhibited a correlation with heightened anxiety symptoms prevalence. Notably, geographical location acted as a modifier in the relationship between anxiety symptoms and mobile phone usage. Specifically, individuals in Idlib city demonstrated increased odds of anxiety symptoms with excessive phone usage.
Conclusion: The study revealed a significant increase in anxiety symptoms, notably associated with excessive mobile phone usage, geographical location, gender, and income level. Women and those with lower incomes were notably vulnerable, with discernible variations observed across specific locations. Various factors, including those highlighted in the findings, alongside external influences such as the recent earthquake and persistent political unrest, collectively contribute to heightened susceptibility to anxiety among individuals in this region.

MY DIABETES APPS: IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE, COMPLIANCE, AND CONTROL IN UNCONTROLLED TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS IN KEDAH, MALAYSIA

Mon, 09 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Usage of mobile applications can be the game changer in managing diabetes patients and reducing the percentage of uncontrolled diabetes cases in Malaysia. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of the locally developed diabetes mobile applications in improving knowledge, compliance and control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Methods: In the first phase, content of the mobile application was developed using Nominal Group Technique discussion by 11 experts. The produced prototype, My Diabetes Apps© undergone the second phase of pilot study for validation, SKAMA evaluation form. Final third phase interventional study was conducted in two districts in the state of Kedah (Kuala Muda as the control group, Kota Setar as the intervention group), involving eight health clinics. 82 respondents were selected using multi-stage random sampling technique among uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus patients over four months. Results: Thirteen key contents recommended by the expert panels as mandatorily important for diabetic patients. The mean(±sd) usability score of My Diabetes Apps was 86 (±10.90), indicating the usability of the mobile application. The intervention study found there was significant difference in the mean knowledge score between the control group and the intervention group [F(1.79)=42.27; p<0.001] and mean HbA1C between groups pre and post intervention [F(1.79)= 6.03; p=0.016]. No difference in the mean value of the compliance score between the two groups [F(1.79)=1.58; p=0.212]. Conclusion: My Diabetes Apps© proved to be improve patient knowledge and helpful in diabetic control. Integrating the technology in patient’s care improves patients’ self-efficacy and monitoring of diabetes.

ASSESSING HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS’ ACCEPTANCE OF THE HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

Nur Hafizah Sapa, Ruonan Li, Yifei Wang, ZHONGXIN Wang, Zurida Ishak — Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: In the current technological era, the implementation and use of information and communication technology are crucial for productivity and organizational management in the health sector. This study aimed to investigate factors influencing staff acceptance of the Hospital Management System (HMS) using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) in a private hospital in Selangor, Malaysia. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, and administrative staff, to explore their experiences and perceptions of the HMS. Data collection was performed through interviews and observations and analyzed using thematic analysis with ATLAS.ti. Results: The study identified five key themes influencing HMS acceptance: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and behavioral intention. Participants emphasized the importance of system reliability, speed, and user-friendly interfaces for efficient workflow. Peer support and a technology-promoting organizational culture positively influenced system use. Comprehensive training and continuous technical support were crucial for user confidence. Despite recognizing the system's benefits, participants highlighted challenges such as inadequate system integration and the need for simultaneous digital and traditional record-keeping. Conclusion: Addressing these issues and tailoring the HMS to meet specific departmental needs can enhance user satisfaction and system effectiveness. The study underscores the importance of understanding user needs and providing robust support systems to facilitate the successful implementation and adoption of HMS in healthcare settings.

QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS AND THEIR SATISFACTION TOWARDS SERVICES PROVIDED AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN RAIGAD DISTRICT

Dr Noopur Kulkarni, Dr.Nisha Relwani, Dr.Prasad Waingankar, Dr.Aditya Nayak — Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Increased morbidity and mortality associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) negatively affects patient’s Quality of life (QOL), which is an issue of significant public health importance. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess impact of physical, psychological, social and demographic variables on quality of life among patients with ESRD undergoing Haemodialysis.

Objectives: 1. To assess the Quality of Life of patients undergoing hemodialysis.2. To study the socio-demographic factors associated with Quality of Life. 3.To assess Patient Satisfaction in patients related to services provided in the tertiary care hospital

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in dialysis unit of a tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai. All patients(n=51) who are ?18 years of age undergoing haemodialysis for at least 3 months were included. The study was conducted using Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36 item scale and Patient Satisfaction questionnaire.

Results: The Physical component score (PCS) was 33.028.82 and Mental component score (MCS) was 42.057.23. The mean score of patient satisfaction was 66.255.75.

Conclusion and Recommendation: The present study showed that kidney disease had a greater effect on physical health than mental health. Also, patients report satisfaction with the healthcare received at the health facility.

EVALUATION OF NEEDLE STICK INJURY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN AL NAJAF CITY/ IRAQ

Haneen Ayad Nemaa, Shaymaa Abdul Lateef Al-fadhul, Taqi Mohammed Jwad Taher — Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: In healthcare-related situations, needle sticks represent a substantial work-related health risk. Healthcare professionals face the danger of contracting blood-borne infections as well as the psychological impact of these wounds. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of needle stick injuries and the associated socio-demographic determinants among healthcare workers. Methods: The research employed a cross-sectional design, with data collection occurring from February 1st, 2023 to February 1st, 2024. 380 participants were conveniently selected from different Al-Najaf City/Iraq healthcare institutions. The study sample included a variety of specialists, including anesthetics, surgeons, dentists, surgeon assistants, anesthetics assistants, nurses, physicians, and laboratory workers. A self-administered questionnaire from previously published articles was used for data collection. It covers socio-demographic information, a history of previous exposure to, and the reasons for needle stick injuries. Quantitative variables were summarized with means and standard deviations; descriptive statistics for categorical variables included frequencies and percentages. P ? 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results: Most healthcare workers (85%) were previously exposed to needle sticks. Job category was significantly associated with a history of needle stick exposure (p < 0.001). The anesthetics represent the highest job class exposed to needle sticks (100%). More than one-fifth of participants (21.85%) reported recapping needles followed by bending needles in 16.84% of them as a cause of needle stick injuries. Conclusion: Most healthcare workers are exposed to needle stick injuries; job category is an important risk factor.

AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE REGARDING EYE SCREENING PROGRAMS IN THE POPULATION OF SELANGOR, MALAYSIA BASED ON A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Farrah Nur Syaherra, Hesham Abdelaziz, Mohammed Baobaid — Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Visual impairment significantly impacts individuals, causing functional and psychological challenges. Effective health promotion strategies require a robust foundation, necessitating an assessment of the awareness toward eye screening programs. This study aims to evaluate the awareness and attitudes of the public towards eye screening programs in Selangor, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study involved 388 adults aged 18 years and above. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square analysis assessed associations between knowledge and attitudes regarding screening programs for various eye diseases among adults. Results: A significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitudes toward different eye disease screening programs among adults in Selangor (p = 0.00). Additionally, associations were observed between age, marital status, residence area, education level, and knowledge of screening programs for different eye diseases (p < 0.05). Age, gender, residential area, and education significantly correlated with attitudes toward screening programs (p = 0.00). Conclusion: This study underscores the need for targeted initiatives to raise awareness of visual impairment and the importance of routine eye exams. Particularly, efforts should be directed toward the elderly and individuals with lower education levels.

ASSESSMENT OF PREVALENCE AND IMPACTS OF WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG NURSES AT INTERMEDIATE HOSPITALS IN NAMIBIA

Ananias Akweetelela, Moses Chirimbana , Anna Shilunga , Kabwebwe Honoré Mitonga — Sun, 15 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) have been ranked as the major cause of disability globally. Namibian intermediate hospital (IH) nurses are overworked and susceptible to musculoskeletal diseases. The study aimed to determine the 12-month prevalence, and impacts of WRMSDs among nurses at IHs Katutura, Onandjokwe, Oshakati, and Rundu in Namibia.

Methods: A self-administered Standardised Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument for a cross-sectional study involving 808 randomly selected nurses at IHs Katutura, Onandjokwe, Oshakati, and Rundu. SPSS version 26 was used for descriptive statistical analysis.

Results: Results revealed a high 12-month prevalence of WRMSDs in any body part (76%), (73%), (69%), and (65%) at IHs Katutura, Oshakati, Rundu, and Onandjokwe, respectively. The lower back was the most prevalent body part affected by the 12-month WRMSDs (74%), (72%), (71%), and (69%) at IHs Katutura, Onandjokwe, Rundu, and Oshakati, respectively. The WRMSDs are impacting nurses’ work and daily lives. There is unnecessary money spent on medical consultations, and nurses might contribute poorly to the hospital’s output since they have to pursue medical attention instead of attending to patients.

Conclusion: WRMSDs are prevalent and impacting nurses' lives at IHs. Collaborative efforts between healthcare institutions, policymakers, and professional bodies are essential to creating a supportive workplace culture that prioritizes nurses' physical and psychosocial well-being and mitigates the effects of WRMSDs. Further research needs to be conducted to determine risk factors contributing to WRMSDs among nurses at IHs in Namibia.

KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS COVID-19 VACCINATION AMONG VACCINE-ELIGIBLE SELECTED RESIDENTS OF DHAKA CITY

Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: An outbreak of a COVID-19 pandemic disease, caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, had posed a serious threat to global human health. Bangladesh has also come under the attack of this viral disease. This study aimed to discover knowledge and attitudes towards several approved vaccines to tackle COVID-19 among vaccine-eligible residents of Dhaka city. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over three months from December 2021 to February 2022 among adults aged 18 years and above eligible for vaccination against COVID-19 who resided in Dhaka City. A sample size of 270 participants was selected using non-probability purposive sampling. Results: Results show that the majority of the participants were Muslims (88.15%) and between the ages of 18 and 27 (60.4%), had completed their Higher Secondary Certificate or graduation (88.15%). Among 270 participants, the COVID-19 vaccine had been administered to 236 respondents of which Sino pharm (41.5%) was mostly administered. 99.62% reported knowing COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion: This study depicted a constructive approach among the vaccine-eligible residents of Dhaka City towards the COVID-19 vaccination. It is concluded that the understanding of people’s perceptions about the COVID-19 vaccine would provide a tool to improve strategies to limit its transmission.

PERI-OPERATIVE ANAESTHETIC CONCERNS IN COVID-19 ASSOCIATED MUCORMYCOSIS

NIHARIKA GROVER, RASHMI VIRMANI, MEGHA SONI, MAMTA KUMARI — Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Mucormycosis is a fulminant life-threatening fungal infection requiring emergency surgical debridement. It is associated with immune-compromised status, multi-systemic involvement, and difficult airway posing challenges to anesthetic management. We conducted this study to find the peri-operative anesthesia concerns in patients of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis Methods: This retrospective observational study included COVID-19-infected patients operated for invasive mucormycosis under general anesthesia. Cases operated under local anesthesia were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 30 patients were included in the study where the majority of the patients were ASA physical status III. ASA classification uses a grading system of l(one) through V( five), with I identifying a person in good health and V as a person with a severe, life-threatening condition. The most common co-morbidity was diabetes mellitus plus hypertension 66% (n=20), followed by only diabetes 30% (n=9). Out of all patients, 33.3% (n=10) were intubated at the first attempt using direct laryngoscope, rest 66.6% required other interventions like the use of video laryngoscope, bougie, or external laryngeal pressure. Perioperative blood transfusion was required in 40% (n=12) of the patients. Of patients who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission 40% (n=12) out of them, 10% patients (n=3) did not survive. The average hospital stay was 55.9 +/-15.8 days with a maximum of 95 days and a minimum of 15 days. Conclusion: Mucormycosis is mostly associated with uncontrolled diabetes milletus in post-COVID patients. These require utmost care peri-operatively as they are associated with a difficult airway, intraoperative complications, prolonged morbidity, and mortality.