PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF STUNTING AMONG UNDER-FIVE-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN IN THE NGORORERO DISTRICT, RWANDA

Abstract

 Introduction: Stunting affects 148.1 million children under five globally, with the highest burden in low- and middle-income countries. In Rwanda, stunting remains a significant public health concern, affecting 33% of children under five, with the burden rising to 50.5% in rural areas such as Ngororero District. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and key determinants of stunting among children under five in Ngororero District, Rwanda. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 384 children, selected using a multistage sampling approach. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Analysis was performed using SPSS Version 30, WHO Anthro Survey Analyser, and Excel. Pearson chi-square tests and logistic regression were applied to identify a significant association of stunting at p < 0.05. Result: The prevalence of stunting was 36%, with 12.9% of children severely stunted. Maternal alcohol consumption was strongly associated (OR = 5.2, ?² = 21.1, p = 0.001), followed by lack of formal maternal education (OR = 3.6, ?² = 12.9, p = 0.012), and inadequate antenatal care (0–2 visits) (OR = 2.7, ?² = 10.8, p = 0.002). Other significant factors included untreated drinking water, food shortages, absence of exclusive breastfeeding, and large household size. Conclusion: The findings underscore the multifaceted nature of stunting, which is shaped by maternal practices, socioeconomic conditions, and access to healthcare. Reducing childhood stunting in Ngororero District and similar rural settings in Rwanda requires targeted nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions alongside improved maternal education. Further studies, including longitudinal research, are recommended.