SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG SELECTED ADOLESCENTS IN URBAN HYDERABAD

Abstract

Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, and chronic respiratory illnesses are the leading cause of global mortality. The increasing burden among adolescents is particularly concerning due to the long-term implications. This study assesses the prevalence of risk factors associated with NCDs among adolescents in an urban field practice area in Hyderabad, Telangana. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adolescents aged 10–19. Participants were selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview schedule, anthropometric measures, and validated tools like the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Variables included sociodemographic factors, behavioural habits, Body Mass Index (BMI), and family history of NCDs. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to analyze associations. Results: Of the 400 adolescents, 62% were male. Major risk factors identified included low physical activity (57.75%), junk food consumption (61.75%), passive smoking exposure (42.25%), alcohol consumption (6.5%), and high stress (63%). About 20% were overweight and 0.5% obese. 31.75% reported a family history of NCDs. A significant association was found between higher Body Mass Index (BMI >24.9) and socio-economic status (p=0.001). At the same time, other risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and stress showed no significant association. Conclusion: Adolescents in urban Hyderabad show a high prevalence of modifiable NCD risk factors. Preventive strategies, including lifestyle modification, health education, and targeted interventions, are imperative during adolescence to reduce future NCD burden.