FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW PERCEIVED RISK OF DENGUE INFECTION IN SEREMBAN DISTRICT, NEGERI SEMBILAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Introduction: Dengue fever is an infection caused by dengue virus that remains as a public health threat. Hence, this study aimed to determine the risk perception level of dengue infection at Seremban district that continues to battle with dengue epidemic. Additionally, we aimed to measure knowledge, attitude, and practice of the Seremban population in relation to their dengue risk perception level. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional survey using a validated questionnaire- Risk Perception, Attitude and Practice (RPAP). A pilot test was conducted on 35 samples, and data was analyzed prior to actual study. The subsequent population study was conducted between April 2021 to November 2021. Ethical approval was obtained before commencement, and each respondent’s informed consent was taken prior to study inclusion. Statistical analysis was done using Rasch analysis and multiple logistic regression. Results: A total of 341 respondents were included in the population study. Rasch analysis result for reliability analysis showed a good psychometric property of the tool used. Majority of the respondents have low level of dengue risk perception (82.1%), attitude level (77.7%), and dengue prevention practice level (84.5%). There was no statistical difference upon comparison between those who live in dengue outbreak area and those from non-outbreak area, for all three constructs (RPAP). The bivariable and multivariable analysis done yielded three independent factors that contributed to the low level of dengue risk perception, namely, living in rented house, living in high-rise unit, and family history of dengue infection. Conclusion: The population of Seremban district has a low level of dengue risk perception that may reflect a low level of attitude and dengue preventive action. Hence, a more extensive health promotion and health education activity based on behavioral theory such as Health Belief Model need to be done to reinforce good attitude and good practice of dengue prevention.